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Infertility is not solely a woman’s issue, men contribute equally to the equation.
Simple lifestyle changes, timely medical evaluation, and personalized treatment can help many couples achieve their dream of parenthood
As more and more couples are being diagnosed with infertility, it’s crucial to understand the underlying factors contributing to it. Both men and women contribute equally to infertility, yet discussions often focus more on the female partner. Dr Suraj Pinni, Consultant Urologist & Andrologist, Asian Institute of Nephrology and Urology, Hyderabad emphasizes, “The male factor cannot be neglected. In nearly half of all infertility cases, male issues play a significant role.”
According to Dr Pinni, a sedentary lifestyle, unhealthy diet, obesity, lack of physical activity, environmental pollution, exposure to radiation, and even poor sleep patterns can adversely affect sperm health. “These seemingly everyday factors can alter semen parameters and reduce fertility potential in men,” he explains.
Beyond lifestyle, several hidden medical causes can also impact male fertility. Dr. Pinni breaks down some of the most important ones:
1. Varicocele
“A varicocele is an abnormal dilation of the veins around the testis, which leads to an increase in scrotal temperature,” says Dr Pinni.
Sperm production requires the scrotum to remain a few degrees cooler than the rest of the body. When that balance is disrupted, it affects sperm quality and count. “If a man with a diagnosed varicocele is experiencing infertility, the condition should be evaluated and, if necessary, surgically corrected,” he advises.
2. Mumps and Other Viral Infections
“Mumps is not just a childhood illness, it can have lifelong effects,” cautions Dr. Pinni.
This viral infection can inflame glands and organs, including the testicles, damaging sperm-producing cells. “Though preventable by vaccination, mumps remains prevalent in some regions and can severely affect a man’s fertility potential,” he adds.
3. Undescended Testis
“When one or both testes fail to descend into the scrotum, they can’t mature properly,” explains Dr. Pinni.
This condition, called undescended testis, leads to defective sperm production. It’s also associated with a higher risk of testicular cancer later in life. “Early diagnosis and timely surgical correction during childhood can prevent infertility and reduce cancer risk,” he notes.
4. Testicular Torsion and Anti-Sperm Antibodies
“Torsion of the testis when the spermatic cord twists cuts off blood supply and is a medical emergency,” says Dr. Pinni.
If untreated, it can permanently damage testicular tissue. Additionally, this condition can trigger the formation of anti-sperm antibodies, where the immune system attacks its own sperm. “This self-destructive response can significantly reduce fertility,” he explains.
5. Blocked Sperm Transport (Obstructive Azoospermia)
“The tubes responsible for transporting sperm from the testis to the urethra are long and delicate,” Dr. Pinni explains.
These ducts can become blocked due to infections, prior surgeries, or congenital conditions, resulting in obstructive azoospermia, a situation where sperm are produced but cannot exit the body. “In such cases, microsurgical correction or sperm retrieval may help restore fertility,” he adds.
6. Testosterone Supplements
“Men often misuse testosterone supplements for bodybuilding or fitness without realizing the consequences,” warns Dr Pinni.
While these supplements may temporarily enhance muscle mass, they can suppress natural hormone production. “External testosterone signals the body to stop producing its own, leading to testicular shrinkage and even permanent infertility,” he cautions.
7. Genetic Abnormalities
“Some men carry genetic abnormalities that affect sperm production or function,” says Dr. Pinni. Conditions such as Klinefelter’s syndrome and cystic fibrosis are known causes of male infertility. “Genetic testing can help identify these issues early, and couples can then explore assisted reproductive options,” he suggests.
8. Past Chemotherapy, Radiation, or Testicular Surgeries
“Cancer treatments like chemotherapy and radiation can impair sperm production, sometimes permanently,” explains Dr. Pinni.
Surgical procedures involving the testis or a history of testicular cancer may also damage fertility. “Fertility preservation techniques, such as sperm banking before treatment, are important discussions to have with your doctor,” he advises.
9. Unexplained Infertility
“One of the most frustrating situations for couples is when all test results come back normal, yet conception still doesn’t occur,” says Dr. Pinni.
This condition, known as unexplained infertility, highlights the complexity of human reproduction. “It shows that our understanding of natural conception is still incomplete, further scientific research is essential to bridge these gaps,” he concludes.
The Bottom Line
Infertility is not solely a woman’s issue, men contribute equally to the equation. As Dr. Pinni sums it up, “Male infertility is often overlooked, but awareness and early diagnosis can make a tremendous difference. Simple lifestyle changes, timely medical evaluation, and personalized treatment can help many couples achieve their dream of parenthood.”
Swati Chaturvedi, a seasoned media and journalism aficionado with over 10 years of expertise, is not just a storyteller; she’s a weaver of wit and wisdom in the digital landscape. As a key figure in News18 Engl…Read More
Swati Chaturvedi, a seasoned media and journalism aficionado with over 10 years of expertise, is not just a storyteller; she’s a weaver of wit and wisdom in the digital landscape. As a key figure in News18 Engl… Read More
November 04, 2025, 13:32 IST
